ARD — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD6AV1G125980, designated TtARD on durum wheat chromosome 6A, encodes a protein with acireductone dioxygenase (Ni²⁺- and Fe²⁺-requiring) activity and peroxidase activity, belonging to the ARD_euk and RmlC-like cupin superfamily. The gene is associated with photosynthetic NADP⁺ reduction, photosystem I stabilization, cell redox homeostasis, and negative regulation of leaf senescence. It has been connected to seed longevity, heading time, seed yield, root mass density, nitrate uptake, and responses to high temperature, osmotic stress, and biotic stress including viral and fungal disease resistance. Localization evidence links the product to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane and photosystem I reaction center. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to submergence adaptation, salt tolerance, thiamine biosynthesis, and root architecture.