HMA4 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD6AV1G062330, designated HMA4 in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) on chromosome 6A, encodes a P-type ATPase with heavy-metal-associated domains and annotated activities including copper, cadmium, zinc, and calcium transmembrane transporter functions, as well as histone methylase activity. The gene is associated with copper ion transport, cellular copper homeostasis, detoxification, and response to toxic substances. It is linked to traits such as copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, oxidative stress response, leaf senescence, root development, flowering time, and germination rate. Associations also include regulation of root morphogenesis, lateral root development, and quiescent center organization. Related genes in other species link the family to histone methylation, defense response, flowering time regulation, grain yield, grain zinc and iron content, and panicle size.