ARD — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD2AV1G241600, designated TtARD on durum wheat chromosome 2A, encodes a protein with acireductone dioxygenase (both Ni²⁺- and Fe²⁺-requiring) and peroxidase activities, and belongs to the ARD_euk and RmlC-like cupin superfamilies. It also acts as a transcriptional co-regulator and binds GTP, mRNA, iron, nickel, and heteroglycans. The gene is associated with chloroplast Photosystem I localization and stabilization, photosynthetic NADP⁺ reduction, cell redox homeostasis, hydrogen peroxide catabolism, and negative regulation of leaf senescence. It is linked to seed longevity, organ morphogenesis, thiamin anabolism, methionine metabolism, and responses to ATP, ethylene, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and gibberellic acid. Associations extend to heading time, seed yield, root mass density, nitrate uptake, stomatal closure, and tolerance to high temperature, drought, salt, osmotic stress, and fungal and viral diseases. Related genes in other species link the family to submergence adaptation, ethylene response, and salt tolerance.