PAL — Sorghum bicolor

Summary

SORBI_3004G220400, designated SbPAL on sorghum chromosome 4, encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) with tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity and DNA-binding transcription factor activity. The enzyme is associated with phenylpropanoid, lignin, salicylic acid and alkaloid metabolism, including cinnamic acid and salicylic acid biosynthesis and L-phenylalanine and salicylic acid breakdown. SbPAL is associated with drought recovery, UV-B response, low-humidity response, guard cell fate commitment, and negative regulation of cytokinin signalling. Associations include photosynthetic rate, IAA content, UV light sensitivity, and numerous stress and defence responses such as pathogen resistance, salt tolerance, freezing tolerance, and resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus. The protein localises to the cytosol, cytoplasm, nucleus and SCF complex. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to sheath blight resistance, bacterial blight resistance, lignin deposition, chlorogenic acid accumulation and UV stress tolerance.