NHX1 — Oryza sativa Japonica

Summary

Os11g0648000 (NHX1, also known as OsNHX2) encodes a sodium:hydrogen exchanger belonging to the NaH_exchanger and Cation/H_exchanger_CPA1 families, with potassium:proton antiporter and sodium transporter activities. In rice, NHX1 is associated with salt and drought tolerance, grain and seedling traits, yield, root and shoot development, pollen, vascular bundle, stomatal function, and abiotic stress responses. It is linked to vacuolar membrane transport, sodium and potassium ion transport, cell pH regulation, photoprotection, zeaxanthin anabolism, cytokinin anabolism, nitrogen fixation, C4 photosynthesis, and response to desiccation and hormones. The protein localizes to the vacuolar membrane, vacuole, plastid, mitochondria, plasmalemma, cytosol, and extracellular regions. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to potassium uptake, vacuolar pH homeostasis, salt and heat tolerance, cell expansion, and biomass production.