VP2 — Oryza sativa Indica Group

Summary

BGIOSGA018774 (VP2, also known as Chalk5) on chromosome 5 of Indica rice encodes a PPase-energised H-pump with proton-translocating pyrophosphatase activity (EC 7.1.3.1). The gene is associated with grain chalkiness, grain size, grain length, and amylose content, as well as leaf length, stomatal opening, and abscisic acid sensitivity. It has been linked to cold tolerance, salinity response, cadmium accumulation, and heat tolerance. The product localises to the tonoplast, vacuolar membrane, Golgi cis cisterna, endosome membrane, and chloroplast envelope. The gene is associated with cell wall pectin metabolism, regulation of starch biosynthesis, auxin polar transport, sucrose metabolism, sumoylation, and proton transmembrane transport. Studies of the Arabidopsis relative AVP1 link the family to drought tolerance, salt tolerance, phosphorus use efficiency, and vacuole acidification.