BAM1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.6HG0552720 (HvBAM1) on chromosome 6H encodes a protein with a glycoside hydrolase family 14 (beta-amylase) domain and a BES1_N domain, annotated with both beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) and DNA-binding transcription factor activity. It is associated with maltose anabolism, polysaccharide breakdown, seed development, and responses to water, cold, herbivore, and ethylene signalling. The gene is linked to grain weight, protein content, and photosynthetic rate. Observed phenotypes include beta-amylase mRNA accumulation, starch degradation and accumulation, leaf starch breakdown, and traits such as drought tolerance, freezing tolerance, osmotic stress tolerance, and resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina. It is also associated with shoot and root development, stomatal opening, callose deposition, and virus movement. The protein localises to the nucleus, chloroplast stroma, ER, cytosol, and extracellular space.