MKK3 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.5HG0457350 (HvMKK3) on barley chromosome 5H encodes a protein with a protein kinase domain and an NTF2-like domain, and is annotated with MAPKK activity (EC 2.7.12.2) and other kinase activities. The gene is associated with the MAPK cascade and linked to processes including downregulation of stomatal opening, leaf senescence, cell division, regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis, and responses to desiccation, herbivory, and pathogens. HvMKK3 is associated with grain dormancy, sprouting tolerance, shoot elongation under submergence, seed protein content, photosynthetic rate, flowering time, drought tolerance, and oxidative stress response. Studies of related genes in other species link the MKK3 family to jasmonic acid signaling, resistance to fungal pathogens and insect herbivory, drought stress resistance, and grain traits including size and pre-harvest sprouting.