AMY1 — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.3HG0284890 (HvAMY1) on barley chromosome 3H encodes an alpha-amylase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.1) with a glycoside hydrolase family 13 catalytic domain. The gene is associated with seed germination, endosperm development, embryo development ending in seed dormancy, and response to gibberellin and abscisic acid. It is linked to sucrose breakdown, sumoylation, and structural organization. The encoded protein localizes to the apoplast, chloroplast stroma, cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular space. HvAMY1 is associated with grain filling period, reproductive period, seed size, flowering time, and abscisic acid sensitivity. Associations include grain chalkiness, starch degradation, stomatal opening, osmotic stress tolerance, and heat stress response. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to transitory starch breakdown and osmotic stress response, and to submergence and drought stress responses, seed starch content, and alpha-amylase activity.