ACS — Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare

Summary

HORVU.MOREX.R3.2HG0207130 (HvACS) on barley chromosome 2H encodes an AMP-dependent synthetase/ligase domain-containing protein with propionate-CoA ligase, acetate-CoA ligase, benzoate-CoA ligase, and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase activities. The gene is associated with butyrate and acetate metabolism, branched-chain amino acid breakdown, cinnamic acid metabolism, the glyoxylate cycle, phytoalexin biosynthesis, wax anabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, green leaf volatile biosynthesis, ethylene anabolism, and glucosinolate anabolism. It is linked to fruit development and ripening, regeneration, circadian rhythm, and responses to hormones and ethylene. The protein localizes to mitochondria and cytosol. Associations with stem rust, photosynthetic rate, plant height, grain yield, root elongation, and seedling development have been reported. Related genes in other species are linked to benzoyloxyglucosinolate biosynthesis.