CHS — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_018992 (CHS) on carrot chromosome 5 encodes a protein with chalcone/stilbene synthase and type III polyketide synthase domains. The enzyme exhibits naringenin-chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 4-reductase, flavonol synthase, and tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activities. In carrot, CHS is associated with chalcone, polyketide, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and flavonol biosynthesis, pollen wall assembly, auxin polar transport, responses to UV, UV-B, gravity, jasmonic acid, and heat acclimation, and regulation of phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin metabolism. It localizes to the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and tonoplast. The gene is linked to traits including anthocyanin content, root phototropism, flowering time, photosynthetic and respiration rates, stomatal opening, and responses to abiotic stress, oxidative stress, salt, and UV light. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to pollen exine development, male fertility, seed pigmentation, and disease resistance.