ARF — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_007082, designated DcARF, encodes a small GTPase of the ARF1-5-like family, possessing GTP-binding, G protein activity, and multiple additional molecular functions including phosphatidylinositol kinase, phospholipase activator, and histone acetyltransferase activities. In carrot, DcARF is associated with vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi organization, ER-to-Golgi transport, phloem transport, and regulation of auxin metabolism. The gene is associated with phototropism responses, blue light sensitivity, leaf vein morphology, biomass yield, root mass density, water use efficiency, ethylene and abscisic acid sensitivity, oxidative and low temperature stress responses, disease tolerance, and days to flowering. Localization evidence connects the product to Golgi-associated vesicles, COPII-coated vesicles, the cis-Golgi network, early endosomes, and the ER membrane. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to vesicular transport, phototropic growth, blue light sensing, chloroplast relocation, stomatal aperture regulation, and abiotic stress responses including salt and drought tolerance.