CHS — Capsicum annuum

Summary

T459_15240 (CHS) on pepper chromosome 5 encodes a protein with chalcone/stilbene synthase and polyketide synthase type-III domains. The enzyme exhibits naringenin-chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 4-reductase, flavonol synthase, and phloroisovalerophenone synthase activities. In pepper, CHS is associated with chalcone, polyketide, flavonoid, and anthocyanin biosynthesis, regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and responses to UV-A, UV-B, and gravity. It has been linked to traits including anthocyanin content, stem dry weight and length, photosynthetic and respiration rates, stomatal opening, flowering time, root morphology, and abiotic stress responses such as UV light sensitivity, oxidative stress, drought tolerance, and salt stress tolerance. Localisation evidence places the product in the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and tonoplast. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to pollen exine development, male fertility, seed coat pigmentation, and disease resistance.