4CL — Capsicum annuum

Summary

T459_09786 (symbol 4CL) on pepper chromosome 3 encodes a 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1, a member of the AMP-binding and ANL_N_sf superfamilies with ligase activity, including trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase, (E)-caffeate-CoA ligase, trans-cinnamate-CoA ligase, and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase activities, and binds ATP. The gene is associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism, lignin and anthocyanin biosynthesis, suberin biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and reactions converting caffeate and ferulate to their CoA esters. It is linked to fruit ripening, circadian rhythm, response to jasmonic acid and wounding, defense response, signal transduction, sporulation, cellular respiration, sulfur metabolism, and cadmium transport. The product localizes to the cytosol and cytoplasm. Associations with lignin and anthocyanin content have been noted. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to EC 6.2.1.34 and 6.2.1.12 activities.