PAL1 — Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

Summary

BoPAL1 (PAL1) on cauliflower chromosome 4 encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, an enzyme with ammonia-lyase activity. The gene is associated with the biosynthesis of lignin, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and salicylic acid, as well as with the breakdown of lignin, L-phenylalanine, and salicylic acid. It is linked to responses to UV-B, wounding, oxidative stress, and drought recovery, and to traits including photosynthetic rate, freezing tolerance, salt stress tolerance, and resistance to pathogens such as Cucumber mosaic virus. BoPAL1 is also associated with programmed cell death, macroautophagy, and negative regulation of cytokinin-mediated signalling. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to herbivore defence, methyl salicylate production, and hypertonic stress response.