ARD — Brachypodium distachyon

Summary

BRADI_3G26930V3 (BdARD) encodes a protein with acireductone dioxygenase (Ni²⁺- and Fe²⁺-requiring) activity, peroxidase activity, GTPase activity, and transcriptional co-regulator function, belonging to the ARD_euk and RmlC-like cupin superfamily. In Brachypodium distachyon, BdARD is associated with photosynthetic NADP⁺ reduction, photosystem I stabilization, cell redox homeostasis, hydrogen peroxide catabolism, and negative regulation of leaf senescence and gene expression. It is linked to thiamin biosynthesis, methionine metabolism, and the unfolded protein response. The gene has been connected to numerous agronomic traits including seed yield, leaf and silique morphology, flower development, organ identity, ethylene and jasmonic acid sensitivity, osmotic and high-temperature stress responses, drought tolerance, salt stress response, and fungal disease resistance. BdARD localizes to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane, photosystem I reaction center, and heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to submergence adaptation, root architecture, and abiotic stress tolerance.