ARD — Brachypodium distachyon

Summary

BdARD (BRADI_1G74360V3) on chromosome 1 of Brachypodium distachyon encodes a protein with acireductone dioxygenase activity (both Ni²⁺- and Fe²⁺-requiring), peroxidase activity, and GTPase activity, and belongs to the ARD_euk and RmlC-like cupin superfamily. It is associated with photosynthetic NADP⁺ reduction, photosystem I stabilization, cell redox homeostasis, hydrogen peroxide catabolism, and negative regulation of leaf senescence and gene expression. The gene is linked to seed longevity, organ morphogenesis, thiamin biosynthesis, and methionine metabolism. It localizes to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane and photosystem I reaction center. Associations with agronomic traits include seed yield, leaf and silique morphology, flowering time, ethylene and jasmonic acid sensitivity, osmotic and high-temperature stress responses, and fungal disease resistance. Related genes in other species are linked to submergence adaptation, salt tolerance, root architecture, and viral defense.