ARF — Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Summary

BvARF (BVRB_5G122480) on sugar beet chromosome 5 encodes a small GTPase of the Arf1-5-like family, with annotated molecular functions including G protein activity, phosphatidylinositol kinase activity, phospholipase activator activity, and actin binding. The gene is associated with vesicle-mediated transport to the plasma membrane, ER-to-Golgi transport, Golgi organization, protein retention in the ER lumen, and regulation of auxin metabolism. It has been linked to traits including biomass yield, water use efficiency, root mass density, days to flowering, leaf senescence, phototropism, blue light sensitivity, viral disease response, stomatal resistance, and responses to ethylene, abscisic acid, low temperature, and oxidative stress. The encoded protein localizes to Golgi-associated vesicles, COPII-coated vesicles, the cis-Golgi network, early endosomes, and the ER membrane. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to vesicular transport, phototropism, chloroplast movement, and stomatal opening.