HMA1 — Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Summary

BvHMA1 (BVRB_4G072380) on sugar beet chromosome 4 encodes a P-type ATPase with heavy-metal-associated domains, annotated with copper, zinc and cadmium transporter activities as well as histone methylase activity. The gene is associated with detoxification of zinc, copper and cadmium ions, metal ion homeostasis and transport, response to cobalt and toxic substances, photosynthetic electron transport, and regulation of root morphogenesis. Its product localises to the vacuolar membrane, Golgi membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, chromatin and other compartments. BvHMA1 is linked to traits including copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, disease tolerance, flowering time, leaf senescence, stomatal opening, root morphology, germination rate, and responses to high temperature and oxidative stress. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to copper transport, photosensitivity under high light, and zinc detoxification.