AS1 — Zea mays

Summary

ZM00001EB388240 (AS1) on maize chromosome 9 encodes a polyphenol oxidase with aureusidin synthase activity and catecholase activity, containing a tyrosinase copper-binding domain. The gene is associated with anthocyanin breakdown, immune evasion, wound healing, and microtubule organizing center organization. It localizes to the chloroplast thylakoid lumen and vacuolar lumen. AS1 is linked to numerous agronomic traits including ear weight, ear length, seed weight, harvest index, shoot and root dry weight, leaf dimensions, stem diameter, root hair density, germination rate, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, leaf water potential, and leaf chlorosis. Associations also include copper concentration, ferulic acid content, carotenoid content, carbohydrate content, proline content, and respiration rate. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to phenol reaction and spike length.