APL2 — Zea mays

Summary

ZmAPL2 (ZM00001EB296990) on maize chromosome 6 encodes the large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27), an enzyme with ADGase activity that binds ATP and is part of the glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex. This gene is associated with starch biosynthesis, accumulation, and regulation, as well as amylopectin and glycogen anabolism, carbohydrate storage, and metabolism. It has been linked to grain traits including starch concentration and yield, amylose and amylopectin content, kernel number per ear, ear weight, grain fresh weight, seed weight, and grain width. Associations also extend to endosperm phenotypes such as brittle, rough, and wrinkled endosperm, kernel wrinkling, and starch synthesis in the endosperm. Additional connections include photosynthetic ability, net photosynthetic rate, biomass yield, harvest index, water use efficiency, root dry weight, nitrate uptake, auxin content, and responses to abiotic stimuli and gravitropism. The protein localizes to the amyloplast and cytosol.