HPL1 — Zea mays

Summary

ZmHPL1 (ZM00001EB209760) on maize chromosome 4 encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme with allene oxide synthase activity, classified as EC 4.2.1.92, and also exhibits lyase, monooxygenase, and oxidoreductase activities, binding heme and iron. The gene is associated with chloroplast membranes, including the outer, inner, thylakoid, and envelope membranes. It has been linked to a wide range of biological processes, including fatty acid oxidation, diterpenoid and strigolactone metabolism, induced systemic resistance, and cellular respiration. Agronomically, ZmHPL1 is associated with grain yield, seed size, grain color, plant height, stem diameter, drought tolerance, aluminum tolerance, and heterosis. Phenotypic associations include susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae, C6 volatile production, arabidopside accumulation, and hexenal signaling. Related genes in other species connect the family to defense responses and brown planthopper resistance.