HMA4 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD7BV1G202300, symbol HMA4, on durum wheat chromosome 7B encodes a heavy metal ATPase domain-containing protein, specifically Protein HEAVY METAL ATPASE 5, with P-type divalent and monovalent copper transporter activity, cadmium exporting ATPase activity, and additional cation-transporting ATPase activities. The gene is associated with detoxification of copper ion, copper ion homeostasis, sodium ion export from cell, cellular hyperosmotic salinity response, potassium ion transport, and response to toxic substance. It is linked to vacuolar membrane, Golgi membrane, and plasmalemma localisation. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to heavy metal transport and detoxification, though these functions are not yet established for this durum wheat gene.