HMA4 — Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Summary

TRITD2BV1G202800 (symbol HMA4) in durum wheat chromosome 2B encodes a P-type ATPase with divalent and monovalent copper transporter activity, cadmium-exporting ATPase activity, and zinc transporter activity, classified as EC 7.2.2.8. The gene is associated with copper ion transport, cellular copper homeostasis, detoxification of copper ions, and response to copper. It has been linked to traits including copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, high temperature stress response, oxidative stress response, leaf senescence, root development, flowering time, germination rate, and stomatal opening and closure. Localization evidence connects the product to the vacuolar membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and chloroplast envelope. Related genes in other species associate the family with histone H3K4 methylation, dehydration stress response, and defense response, as well as grain yield, grain iron and zinc content, and panicle size.