Ppd — Triticum aestivum

Summary

TRAESCS4A02G193200, the bread wheat Ppd gene on chromosome 4A, encodes a member of the MES/HNL family with an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, possessing carboxylic ester hydrolase, pheophorbidase, and methyl esterase activities toward chlorophyll catabolites, jasmonate, auxin, and salicylic acid conjugates. The gene is associated with photoperiodism, vernalization response, heading date, photoperiod sensitivity and insensitivity, frost tolerance, and days to heading. It is linked to chlorophyll a breakdown, leaf senescence, jasmonic and salicylic acid metabolism, auxin conjugate processing, and responses to cold and UV-B. Associations extend to grain yield, thousand-grain weight, spike width and length, grain number and weight per spike, test weight, grain iron and zinc content, peduncle length, anther extrusion, stand establishment, plant vigor, root volume, and drought sensitivity. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to auxin sensitivity and hypocotyl length, and to spikelet number.