APL2 — Oryza sativa Indica Group

Summary

BGIOSGA004052 (APL2) in Indica rice encodes a large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase; EC 2.7.7.27), an enzyme with ADGase activity that binds ATP and is part of the glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex. This gene is associated with starch content in the embryo, leaf, stem, culm, and endosperm, as well as with seed development, grain filling, grain weight, amylose content, and photosynthetic rate. It has been linked to tiller angle, ABA, root elongation, herbicide and atrazine tolerance, temperature, and domestication. The encoded protein localizes to the amyloplast and cytosol and is connected to pathways including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity, root gravitropism, and regulatory networks of nutrient accumulation. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to heat tolerance, seed weight, and endosperm starch content.