CHS — Glycine max

Summary

GmCHS (GLYMA_08G110901V4) encodes a chalcone synthase, a type III polyketide synthase with chalcone/stilbene synthase domains. The enzyme exhibits chalcone isomerase, naringenin-chalcone synthase, flavanone 4-reductase, dihydroflavanol 4-reductase, flavonol synthase, acyltransferase, and SUMO transferase activities. It is associated with the regulation of flavonoid, chalcone, isoflavonoid, and phytoalexin biosynthesis, as well as responses to UV-A and gravity. The gene has been linked to flower, seed coat, and seed color, seed thickness and size, anthocyanin and chlorophyll content, biomass yield, root length and morphology, stem elongation, transpiration rate, stomatal resistance and opening, flowering time, and tolerance to salt, drought, nitrogen stress, and UV-B light. It is also connected to root-knot nematode resistance and pathogen response. The protein localizes to the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and tonoplast. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to flavonoid production, seed coat pigmentation, UV-B sensitivity, male fertility, and defense responses.