atpA — Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Summary

DCAR_032469 (atpA) on the carrot plastid chromosome encodes the alpha subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase, a proton-transporting ATP synthase (EC 7.1.2.2) that synthesizes ATP using the proton motive force. The product contains ATP synthase F1 alpha nucleotide-binding and C-terminal domains, binds ADP and ATP, and localises to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane as part of the F1-F0 complex. This gene is associated with photosynthetic rate, specifically CO₂ assimilation. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to net photosynthetic rate, salinity tolerance, and resistance to the fungal pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Botrytis cinerea, though these associations are not yet established in carrot.