PAL — Capsicum annuum

Summary

CaPAL (T459_22641) on pepper chromosome 9 encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) with ammonia-lyase, amino acid binding, protein dimerization and DNA-binding transcription factor activity, belonging to the Phe_NH3-lyase and aromatic lyase families. The gene is associated with phenylpropanoid and salicylate biosynthesis, suberin biosynthesis, and secondary metabolism. It is linked to fruit ripening, drought recovery, response to UV-B, oxidative stress, low humidity, programmed cell death, guard cell fate commitment, and negative regulation of cytokinin signalling. Associations also include disease resistance, pathogen and wound responses, anthocyanin and flavonoid accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, chilling and freezing tolerance, salt stress tolerance, and resistance to Corynespora cassiicola and Cucumber mosaic virus. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to heat and drought tolerance, herbivore defence, floral scent production, fruit shelf life, and virus resistance.