HEL — Capsicum annuum

Summary

CaHEL (T459_12577, also known as WIN1, WIN2, PR4, PR-4, PR4A, and HEL) on pepper chromosome 4 encodes a wound-induced protein WIN1 belonging to the PR4 and Barwin domain families. The product exhibits RNA nuclease, chitin-binding, sugar-binding, hydrolase, and transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activities. CaHEL is associated with defence responses to bacteria, viruses, and herbivores, systemic acquired resistance, virus-induced PTGS, hypersensitive response-programmed cell death, cell death, ethylene response, auxin and brassinosteroid signalling, cell wall modification, phloem transport, secretion, nitrogen fixation, spore germination, and leaf vascular tissue pattern formation. It localises to secretory vesicles, the extracellular region, and the plasma membrane. The gene is linked to disease resistance, resistance to Botrytis cinerea, salt tolerance, wilt symptom development, leaf vein morphology, vascular development, and premature senescence with leaf cell death. Related genes in other species are linked to tobacco mosaic virus resistance, antifungal activity, insect resistance, and seed germination under salt stress.