B1 — Capsicum annuum

Summary

T459_09470 (symbol B1, preferred name CA1) on pepper chromosome 3 encodes a beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.15.24) with iron binding and hydrolase activity, belonging to the BETA-OHASE-like and fatty acid hydroxylase families. The gene is associated with carotene metabolism and breakdown, xanthophyll and carotenoid anabolism, the MEP pathway, chlorophyll anabolism, sucrose and phenylpropanoid metabolism, chlorophyll fluorescence, stress response, virus-induced PTGS, fruit development and ripening, ABA signaling, and response to light stimulus. It localizes to the chloroplast membrane. Associations include plant fresh weight, fruit color, carotenoid, anthocyanin and chlorophyll content, nonphotochemical quenching, tuber flesh color, flower pigmentation, seed germination, and altered carotenoid profiles with increased beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to xanthophyll content, zeaxanthin accumulation, nonphotochemical quenching, drought tolerance, and antioxidant capacity.