PAD3 — Camelina sativa

Summary

CsPAD3 (CSA09G011480) on Camelina sativa chromosome 9 encodes a cytochrome P450 family 71 protein with dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase, costunolide synthase, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase activities. The gene is associated with indole phytoalexin, camalexin, dhurrin, sesquiterpene, terpenoid, and alkaloid biosynthesis, as well as defense responses to bacteria, fungi, and insects, systemic acquired resistance, fruit ripening, and abscisic acid response. The encoded protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and lumen, plasmodesmata, and extracellular space. CsPAD3 is linked to resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora brassicae, clubroot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew, along with aphid defense, hypersensitive response, phytoalexin production, zinc stress tolerance, and immunity. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to camalexin accumulation and resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola.