PAD3 — Camelina sativa

Summary

CsPAD3 (CSA06G006620) on Camelina sativa chromosome 6 encodes a cytochrome P450 family protein with dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase, costunolide synthase, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase activities, along with oxidoreductase and monooxygenase functions. The gene is associated with indole phytoalexin, camalexin, dhurrin, sesquiterpene, terpenoid, and alkaloid biosynthesis, as well as defense responses to fungi, bacteria, and insects, systemic acquired resistance, fruit ripening, and abscisic acid response. It has been linked to resistance against multiple pathogens including Leptosphaeria maculans, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora brassicae, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and clubroot, plus aphid defense, hypersensitive response, zinc stress tolerance, and phytoalexin production. The protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and lumen, plasmodesmata, and extracellular space. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to camalexin accumulation and resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola.