PAD3 — Camelina sativa

Summary

CsPAD3 (CSA04G012520) on Camelina sativa chromosome 4 encodes a cytochrome P450 family 71 protein with dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase, costunolide synthase, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase activities. The gene is associated with camalexin and indole phytoalexin biosynthesis, sesquiterpene and terpenoid metabolism, and dhurrin production. It has been linked to defense responses against fungi, bacteria, and insects, including aphid resistance, as well as resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, Alternaria brassicicola, clubroot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew. Additional associations include hypersensitive response, systemic acquired resistance, fruit ripening, abscisic acid response, and zinc stress tolerance. The protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and lumen, plasmodesmata, and extracellular regions. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to camalexin accumulation and resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola.