HMA4 — Brassica oleracea

Summary

BoHMA4 (BOLC102_C03P062220.1) on cabbage chromosome 3 encodes a P-type ATPase of the IB subfamily with heavy-metal-associated domains, annotated with multiple divalent and monovalent cation transporter activities including zinc, cadmium, and copper transmembrane transport. The gene is associated with metal ion homeostasis, detoxification of copper and cadmium, response to cobalt, zinc, and toxic substances, as well as brassinosteroid-mediated signalling and cell pH regulation. It has been linked to photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, nitrate uptake, seedling growth, and leaf composition traits. Phenotype associations include cadmium tolerance and translocation, zinc resistance and concentration gradients, and fungal resistance. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to zinc and cadmium translocation, metal homeostasis, seed zinc content, and heavy metal tolerance.