CIN4 — Brachypodium distachyon

Summary

Brachypodium distachyon gene CIN4 (BRADI_5G25460V3) encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) with histone H2B deubiquitinase, metallopeptidase, calmodulin-binding, and protein kinase activities. It is associated with DNA damage tolerance, proteasomal protein catabolic processes, protein polyubiquitination, endosomal transport, COP9 signalosome assembly, and regulation of photomorphogenesis and circadian clock entrainment. The gene has been linked to flowering time under short-day conditions, anthocyanin and abscisic acid metabolism, and specification of floral organ identity. Traits connected to CIN4 include boron and zinc sensitivity, UV light sensitivity, wheat powdery mildew disease response, phosphorus uptake, photoperiod-sensitive flowering time, drought tolerance, seed dormancy, leaf senescence, and salt stress tolerance. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to histone H2B monoubiquitination, floral transition, and stress responses.