CIN4 — Brachypodium distachyon

Summary

Brachypodium distachyon gene CIN4 (BRADI_2G45550V3) encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme with ubiquitin-protein transferase, histone H2B deubiquitinase, metallopeptidase, and calmodulin-binding activities. It is associated with DNA damage tolerance, protein polyubiquitination, proteasomal protein catabolic processes, COP9 signalosome assembly, endosomal transport, and regulation of photomorphogenesis and circadian clock entrainment. The gene has been connected to strigolactone signaling, shoot gravitropism, and hormone metabolism pathways. Associations include traits such as photoperiod-sensitive flowering time, abscisic acid concentration, boron and zinc sensitivity, UV light sensitivity, wheat powdery mildew disease response, phosphorus uptake, root mass density, and stomatal closure. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to drought and cold stress tolerance, cell cycle progression, light signaling, and grain dormancy.