ARD — Brachypodium distachyon

Summary

BdARD (BRADI_1G24547V3) on chromosome 1 of Brachypodium distachyon encodes a protein with acireductone dioxygenase (both Ni²⁺- and Fe²⁺-requiring) and peroxidase activities, and contains an ARD_euk domain and a RmlC-like cupin fold. The gene is associated with photosynthetic NADP⁺ reduction, photosystem I stabilization, and thiamin anabolism, as well as cell redox homeostasis, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and negative regulation of leaf senescence and gene expression. It is linked to traits including seed yield, leaf and flower morphology, seedling growth, ethylene and jasmonic acid responses, and tolerance to high temperature, osmotic stress, and viral and fungal diseases. The product localizes to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane and photosystem I reaction center. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to submergence adaptation, root architecture, salt tolerance, and abiotic stress responses.