HMA1 — Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Summary

BvHMA1 (BVRB_8G198100) on sugar beet chromosome 8 encodes a P-type ATPase with heavy-metal-associated domains, annotated with copper, zinc and cadmium transporter activities and histone methylase activity. The gene is associated with detoxification of zinc, copper and cadmium ions, metal ion homeostasis and transport, proton export, cell pH regulation, root morphogenesis, and peptidyl-lysine methylation. It has been linked to traits including drought tolerance, disease tolerance, copper sensitivity, bacterial disease response, ethylene sensitivity, leaf morphology, flowering time, germination rate, stomatal opening and closure, root development, leaf senescence, nitrate uptake, and responses to high temperature and oxidative stress. Related genes in other species connect the family to copper transport into chloroplasts, photosensitivity under high light, and the water-water cycle of photosynthesis.