HMA1 — Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Summary

BvHMA1 (BVRB_7G163190) on sugar beet chromosome 7 encodes a P-type ATPase with heavy-metal-associated domains, annotated with copper, zinc and cadmium transporter activities and histone methylase activity. The gene is associated with detoxification of zinc, copper and cadmium ions, copper ion homeostasis and transport, proton export across the plasma membrane, and response to cobalt and toxic substances. It has been linked to traits including copper sensitivity, drought tolerance, disease tolerance, bacterial disease response, high temperature stress response, oxidative stress response, flowering time, germination rate, leaf morphology and senescence, root and seedling development, stomatal opening and closure, nitrate uptake, and arsenic concentration. Localisation evidence connects the product to the vacuolar membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane and envelope, chromatin, and the perinuclear region. Studies of related genes in other species link the family to copper transport, zinc detoxification, photosensitivity, and growth under high light.