RR3 — Asparagus officinalis

Summary

AoRR3 (RR3) on asparagus chromosome 9 encodes a protein with histidine phosphotransfer kinase, phosphorelay response regulator, and red/far-red light photoreceptor activities, belonging to the ARR-like family with a CheY-like receiver domain. It is associated with sex determination, rhythmic process, regulation of cytokinin mediated signalling, cell division, stem cell population maintenance, and responses to red light, hydrogen peroxide, and abscisic acid. The gene is linked to traits including yield, biomass, photosynthetic ability, photoperiod-sensitive flowering time, root and shoot morphology, leaf angle and curling, stress responses (aluminum, cadmium, osmotic, UV-B), and sensitivities to glyphosate, nitrate, gibberellic acid, and jasmonic acid. Localised to the nucleus, cytoplasm, plastid, and plasmodesmata, AoRR3 is also associated with cytokinin sensitivity, root development, and red light hypersensitivity, with related genes in other species linking the family to phosphorelay signalling, stress tolerance, and pathogen resistance.