RR3 — Asparagus officinalis

Summary

AoRR3 (RR3) on asparagus chromosome 7 encodes a protein with histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity, phosphorelay response regulator activity, and red/far-red light photoreceptor activity, belonging to the ARR-like family. It is associated with sex determination, antipodal and egg cell differentiation, regulation of cytokinin mediated signalling, upregulation of cell division, stem cell population maintenance, and red/far-red light signaling pathways. The protein localises to the nucleus, cytoplasm, plastid, and plasmodesma. AoRR3 is linked to yield, biomass, photosynthetic ability, photoperiod-sensitive flowering time, root and shoot morphology, leaf angle and curling, tuber size, and responses to light, nitrate, aluminium, cadmium, osmotic stress, and biotic stress. Studies of related genes in other species connect the family to cytokinin and red light sensitivity, root development, stress tolerance, and pathogen resistance.